Modified Nucleosides, Nucleotides, And Nucleic Acids, And Uses Thereof

Modified nucleic acids that reduce innate immune response and enhance protein expression by incorporating nucleoside modifications, such as 1-methyl-pseudouridine, into mRNA sequences. These modifications disrupt binding of major groove interacting partners, enabling efficient translation of therapeutic proteins in cells while minimizing immune activation. The modified nucleic acids can be used to treat various diseases by delivering functional proteins directly to target cells, eliminating the need for viral vectors or gene integration.